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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bricstransport</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Транспорт БРИКС</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>BRIСS Transport</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-0812</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБУ ДПО «УМЦ ЖДТ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46684/2024.1.2</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bricstransport-85</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>УРБАНИСТИКА, ТРАНСПОРТНЫЕ И ЛОГИСТИЧЕСКИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>URBAN STUDIES, TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS TECHNOLOGIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Пассажирский подвижной состав железных дорог Индии в первые полвека их работы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Passenger Rolling Stock of Indian Railways in the First Half-Century of Their Operation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7195-3632</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захаров</surname><given-names>В. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharov</surname><given-names>V. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владислав Борисович Захаров — кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры «Железнодорожный путь»;</p><p>190031, г. Санкт-Петербург, Московский пр., д. 9</p><p>РИНЦ ID: 662988, ResearcherID: IST-9636-2023</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladislav B. Zakharov — Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Associate Professor of the Department “Railway”</p><p>9 Moskovsky ave., Saint Petersburg, 190031</p><p>ID RSCI: 662988, ResearcherID: IST-9636-2023</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vlad_zaharov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комаров</surname><given-names>Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komarov</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Егор Комаров — независимый исследователь,</p><p>г. Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Egor Komarov — independent researcher,</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">komar77@internet.ru</email></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения Императора Александра I (ПГУПС)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Emperor Alexander I Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>1</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Захаров В.Б., Комаров Е., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Захаров В.Б., Комаров Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zakharov V.B., Komarov E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.bricstransport.ru/jour/article/view/85">https://www.bricstransport.ru/jour/article/view/85</self-uri><abstract><p>В Индии, как и во многих странах, железные дороги зародились как промышленные колейные пути для перевозки руды, леса, камня, других строительных материалов. Именно такими были первые рельсовые промышленные дороги, обеспечивавшие строительные площадки, в частности, Chintadripet in Madras (1835), Red Hill Railroad line (1837), Godavari Dam Construction Railway (1845) и др.</p><p>Первоначально организаторы строительства железных дорог, исходя из общего социально-экономического положения в стране, не рассчитывали на развитие пассажирских перевозок, принимая во внимание фактически нищенское положение подавляющей части населения. Колонизаторы исходили из необходимости развития рельсовых дорог как важного инструмента эксплуатации колонии для вывоза в метрополию и на мировой рынок природных богатств Индии. Пассажирские перевозки на протяжении практически всего периода колониального владычества британцев ориентировались на узкий слой колонизаторов и немногочисленных богатейших представителей коренного населения страны.</p><p>К 1860-м годам сложилась система разделения пассажирских перевозок на железных дорогах Индии на четыре класса. Для обслуживания верхушки правящей элиты использовались вагоны-салоны. Разница условий проезда в роскошных вагонах-салонах и купейных вагонах первого класса в сравнении с вагонами III, IV классов была огромной и отражала социально-классовую структуру индийского общества. Железнодорожные пассажирские перевозки не затрагивали интересы бóльшей части населения, которая по уровню своего достатка не могла позволить себе поездки по железным дорогам, оставаясь за чертой достижений прогресса на транспорте XIX столетия.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In India, as in many countries, railways originated as industrial gauge tracks for the transportation of ore, timber, stone, and other building materials. These were the first industrial railways in India to deliver supplies to construction sites, in particular, Chintadripet in Madras (1835), Red Hill Railroad line (1837), Godavari Dam Construction Railway (1845), and others. Initially, the promoters of the construction of railways, based on the general social and economic situation in the country, did not count on the development of passenger traffic, taking into account the virtually impoverished situation of the vast majority of the population. Efforts were focused on freight transportation. The colonialists proceeded from the need to develop railways as an important exploitation tool for exporting the country’s natural resources to the parent country and to the world market. Throughout almost the entire period of British colonial rule, passenger transportation was intended for a narrow stratum of colonizers and a few of the richest representatives of the country’s indigenous population. By the 1860s, there was a system of dividing passenger traffic on the railways of India into four classes. Saloon coaches were used to serve the ruling elite. The difference in travel conditions in luxury saloon coaches and first-class compartment carriages in comparison with third- and fourth-class carriages was huge. It reflected the social class structure of Indian society. At the same time, railway passenger transportation did not affect the interests of the majority of the population at all, as with their level of wealth they could not afford to travel by rail at all, remaining outside the line of progress in transport of the 19th century.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>история индийских железных дорог</kwd><kwd>происхождение пассажирских перевозок</kwd><kwd>типы пассажирского подвижного состава</kwd><kwd>классы пассажирских перевозок</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>history of Indian railways</kwd><kwd>origin of passenger transportation</kwd><kwd>types of passenger rolling stock</kwd><kwd>classes of passenger services</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Banerjee J. Indian Railways: A Chronology. 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